EM 1110-2-1100 (Change 1)
31 Jul 03
SPRING RANGE
The average SEMIDIURNAL range occurring at the time of SPRING TIDES and most conveniently computed
from the harmonic constants. It is larger than the MEAN RANGE where the type of tide is either SEMIDIURNAL or
MIXED, and is of no practical significance where the type of tide is DIURNAL.
SPRING TIDAL CURRENTS
Tidal currents of increased velocity occurring semi-monthly as the result of the moon being new or full.
SPRING TIDE
A tide that occurs at or near the time of new or full moon (SYZYGY) and which rises highest and falls lowest from
the mean sea level.
SPUR-DIKE
See GROIN.
STACK
An isolated, pillar-like rocky island isolated from a nearby headland by wave erosion; a needle or chimney rock.
STAND OF TIDE
A interval at high or low water when there is no sensible change in the height of the tide. The water level is
stationary at high and low water for only an instant, but the change in level near these times is so slow that it is not usually
perceptible. See SLACK TIDE.
STANDARD PROJECT HURRICANE
See HYPOTHETICAL HURRICANE.
STANDING WAVE
A type of wave in which the surface of the water oscillates vertically between fixed points, called nodes, without
progression. The points of maximum vertical rise and fall are called antinodes or loops. At the nodes, the underlying water
particles exhibit no vertical motion, but maximum horizontal motion. At the antinodes, the underlying water particles have no
horizontal motion, but maximum vertical motion. They may be the result of two equal progressive wave trains traveling
through each other in opposite directions. Sometimes called CLAPOTIS or STATIONARY WAVE.
STATION, CONTROL
A point on the ground whose horizontal or vertical location is used as a basis for obtaining locations of other points.
STATIONARY WAVE
A wave of essentially stable form which does not move with respect to a selected reference point; a fixed swelling.
Sometimes called STANDING WAVE.
STEP
The nearly horizontal section which more or less divides the BEACH from the SHOREFACE.
STILL-WATER LEVEL (SWL)
The surface of the water if all wave and wind action were to cease. In deep water this level approximates the
midpoint of the wave height. In shallow water it is nearer to the trough than the crest. Also called the UNDISTURBED
WATER LEVEL.
STOCHASTIC
Having random variation in statistics.
STOCKPILE
Sand piled on a beach foreshore to nourish downdrift beaches by natural littoral currents or forces. See FEEDER
BEACH.
Appendix A Glossary of Coastal Terminology
A-75
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