EM 1110-2-1100 (Part V)
31 Jul 2003
Several states have established construction setback lines to reduce damage in areas subject to coastal
erosion and shoreline retreat. The setback line position is often calculated as some multiple of the
annual erosion rate or a specified distance from a contour location in a particular year. In Florida,
the line location is based on many factors, namely long-term erosional trends, short-term storm
effects, rare water levels at the one percent chance, annual exceedance level, wave uprush, dune line
position, wind forces and existing development. In Delaware, 1979 aerial photography has been
employed and the restriction line set 30.48 m (100 ft) landward of specified contour elevations, dune
toes, or edge of the existing boardwalk structure. These development restrictions affect the without-
project calculation of storm damage benefits discussed in Part V-3-1. If homes and structures are not
able to be repaired or replaced after a storm by FEMA or state policies, than this will change the
without-project estimate of benefits. See also Part III-5-13 for a discussion of setback lines for
cohesive shorelines.
(b) Political (social well-being). Specific national policies and laws change as administrations and public
interests change. A diverse and broad range of coastal system users with varying economic, social, and
environmental expectations and goals exist. Although there have been shifts in the national policy for shore
protection by the Administrative Branch of the Federal government, the legislative branch controls the
authorization and funding of all Corps projects. Congress has continued to approve and fund the beach
nourishment alternative. Shore protection in the U.S. remains political, fragmented, and controversial for a
variety of reasons that are further elaborated in Part V-8. National plans for beach management and shore
protection do not exist.
Each project must consider many social aspects.
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Local, regional and state plans for the coastal zones
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Public health, safety, and social well-being, including possible loss of life
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Community cohesion
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Availability of public facilities and services
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Potential adverse effects on property values and the tax base
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Displacement of people, business, and livelihood
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Disruption of normal and anticipated community and regional growth
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Sufficient parking and public transport
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Sufficient dune crossovers
Shore Protection Projects
V-3-15
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