EM 1110-2-1100 (Part V)
31 Jul 2003
stabilization by nonstructural projects that mimic, enhance, or restore natural stabilization systems,
i.e., beach nourishment projects. Federal expenditures are also allowed for the study, management,
protection, and enhancement of fish and wildlife resources and habitats.
The CBRA is one of many Federal laws designed primarily to protect environmental and cultural
resources. A partial list includes the following:
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Archeological Resources Protection Act
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Clean Air Act
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Clean Water Act
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Coastal Barrier Resources Act
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Coastal Zone Management Act
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Disabilities Act
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Endangered Species Act
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Estuary Protection Act
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Federal Water Project Recreation Act
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Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
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Land and Water Conservation Act
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Marine Protection, Research Sanctuaries Act
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National Historic Preservation Act
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National Environmental Policy Act
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Rivers and Harbors Act
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Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act
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Wild and Scenic River Act
All shore protection projects must apply for and receive a permit from the USACE prior to
construction. This permit is pursuant to Section 10 of Rivers and Harbors Act (1899) and
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (1977). The permit process considers and evaluates many
factors, including effects on conservation, economics, aesthetics, general environmental concern,
wetlands, cultural values, fish and wildlife resources, flood hazards, flood plain usage, land use,
navigation, shore erosion and accretion, recreation, water supply and conservation, water quality,
energy needs, safety, food and fiber production, mineral needs, and welfare of people and society.
Some states have a Joint Permit Application for local boards, state agencies and the Corps of
Engineers permit. This method saves considerable expense and time in that only one permit
Shore Protection Projects
V-3-17
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