EM 1110-2-1100 (Part II)
30 Apr 02
Bottom current
Mid-depth current
Flow
Surface current
Current direction
Angle between
current and channel
Figure II-6-35. Refraction of currents by channel
(2) DYNLET1. This model (Amein and Kraus 1991) is a one-dimensional PC model that can predict
flow conditions in channels with varied geometry, and accepts varying friction factors across an inlet channel.
Values of water surface elevation and average velocity are computed at locations across and along inlet
channels. The inlet to be modeled may consist of a single channel connecting the sea to the bay, or it may
be a system of interconnected channels, with or without bays.
(3) Coastal Modeling System (CMS). The CMS (Cialone et al. 1991) contains two hydrodynamic
programs applicable to inlets. This modeling system is a supercomputer-based system of models and
supporting software packages. Two models applicable to inlet studies are:
(a) WIFM. This model is a two-dimensional, time-dependent, long-wave model for solving the vertically
integrated Navier-Stokes equations in a stretched Cartesian coordinate system. The model simulates shallow-
water long-wave hydrodynamics such as tidal circulation, storm surges, and tsunami propagation. WIFM
contains many useful features for studying these phenomena such as moving boundaries to simulate
flooding/drying of low-lying areas and subgrid flow boundaries to simulate small barrier islands, jetties,
dunes, or other structural features. Model output includes vertically integrated water velocities and water
surface elevations.
II-6-44
Hydrodynamics of Tidal Inlets
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