Chapter II-5. Water Levels and Long Waves
Classification of Water Waves
Figure II-5-1. Long wave geometry (Milne-Thompson 1960)
Figure II-5-2. Variation of particle velocity with depth (Ippen 1966)
Astronomical Tides
Tide-producing forces.
Figure II-5-4. Schematic diagram of tidal potential (Dronkers 1964)
Spring/neap cycle.
Figure II-5-5. Tide predictions for Boston, MA (Harris 1981)
Figure II-5-6. Spring and neap tides (Shalowitz 1964)
Tidal time series analysis.
Figure II-5-8. Typical tide curves along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Shore Protection Manual 1984)
Figure II-5-9. Typical tide curves along Pacific coast of the United States (Shore Protection Manual 1984)
Harmonic constituents.
Harmonic constituents. (cont)
Table II-5-3. NOS Tidal Constituents and Arguments
Table II-5-4. Node Factors for 1970 through 1999 (Schureman 1924)
Figure II-5-10. Tidal phase relationships
Table II-5-5. Equilibrium Argument for Beginning of Years 2001 through 2010
Figure II-5-11. Phase angle argument relationship
Figure II-5-12. NOS harmonic analysis for Sandy Hook, NJ
Figure II-5-13. Tide tables for Sandy Hook, NJ (NOAA 1984)
Table II-5-6. Harmonic Arguments for Sandy Hook NJ (1 January 1984 at 0000 hr)
Figure II-5-14. Reconstructed tidal envelope for Sandy Hook, NJ
Glossary of tide elevation terms.
Figure II-5-16. Types of tides
Water Surface Elevation Datums
1929 NGVD datum.
Table II-5-7. Datums for Reference Tide Stations (Harris 1981)
Table II-5-7. Datums for Reference Tide Stations (Harris 1981) (cont)
Figure II-5-17. Reference and comparative tide stations, Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts (Harris 1981)
Great Lakes datums
Figure II-5-18. Tide stations used in establishing the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929 (Harris 1981 (after Rappleye (1932))
Figure II-5-19. Sample NOS description of tidal benchmarks (Harris 1981)
Table II-5-8. Low Water (chart) Datum for IGLD 1955 and IGLD 1985
Eustatic rise.
Changes in lake level datums
Design considerations.
Figure II-5-21. Sample NOS tabulation of tide parameters (Harris 1981)
Figure II-5-22. Variations in annual MSL (Harris 1981)
Figure II-5-23. Schematic diagram of storm parameters (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1986)
Extratropical storms
Surge interaction with tidal elevations
Figure II-5-24. Hurricane Gloria track from 17 September to 2 October 1985 (Jarvinen and Gebert 1986)
Figure II-5-25. Hurricane Gloria track offshore of Delaware and New Jersey (Jarvinen and Gebert 1986)
Historical method.
Synthetic method.
EST - tropical storm application.
EST - extratropical storm application.
Figure II-5-27. Stage-frequency relationship - coast of Delaware
Seiches
Figure II-5-29. Atlantic tropical storm tracks during the period 1886-1980
Figure II-5-30. Long wave surface profiles (Shore Protection Manual 1984)
Numerical Modeling of Long-Wave Hydrodynamics
Numerical models.
Example - tidal circulation modeling.
Example - storm surge modeling.
Figure II-5-32. Computational grid for the New York Bight
Figure II-5-33. Model and prototype tidal elevation comparison at the Battery
Figure II-5-34. Wind-induced circulation pattern
Figure II-5-35. Global limits of ADCIRC computational grid
Figure II-5-36. Blow-up of ADCIRC grid along Delaware coast
Figure II-5-37. Model-to-prototype tidal comparison at Lewes, DE
Figure II-5-38. Model-to-prototype surge comparison at Lewes, DE
References - Part-II-Chap50070
References (cont) - Part-II-Chap50071
References (cont) - Part-II-Chap50072
References (cont) - Part-II-Chap50073
Definitions of Symbols - Part-II-Chap50074
Definitions of Symbols (cont) - Part-II-Chap50075
Acknowledgments - Part-II-Chap50076
Part-II-Chap5
Classification of Water Waves
Figure II-5-1. Long wave geometry (Milne-Thompson 1960)
Figure II-5-2. Variation of particle velocity with depth (Ippen 1966)
Astronomical Tides
Tide-producing forces.
Figure II-5-4. Schematic diagram of tidal potential (Dronkers 1964)
Spring/neap cycle.
Figure II-5-5. Tide predictions for Boston, MA (Harris 1981)
Figure II-5-6. Spring and neap tides (Shalowitz 1964)
Tidal time series analysis.
Figure II-5-8. Typical tide curves along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Shore Protection Manual 1984)
Figure II-5-9. Typical tide curves along Pacific coast of the United States (Shore Protection Manual 1984)
Harmonic constituents.
Harmonic constituents. (cont)
Table II-5-3. NOS Tidal Constituents and Arguments
Table II-5-4. Node Factors for 1970 through 1999 (Schureman 1924)
Figure II-5-10. Tidal phase relationships
Table II-5-5. Equilibrium Argument for Beginning of Years 2001 through 2010
Figure II-5-11. Phase angle argument relationship
Figure II-5-12. NOS harmonic analysis for Sandy Hook, NJ
Figure II-5-13. Tide tables for Sandy Hook, NJ (NOAA 1984)
Table II-5-6. Harmonic Arguments for Sandy Hook NJ (1 January 1984 at 0000 hr)
Figure II-5-14. Reconstructed tidal envelope for Sandy Hook, NJ
Glossary of tide elevation terms.
Figure II-5-16. Types of tides
Water Surface Elevation Datums
1929 NGVD datum.
Table II-5-7. Datums for Reference Tide Stations (Harris 1981)
Table II-5-7. Datums for Reference Tide Stations (Harris 1981) (cont)
Figure II-5-17. Reference and comparative tide stations, Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts (Harris 1981)
Great Lakes datums
Figure II-5-18. Tide stations used in establishing the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929 (Harris 1981 (after Rappleye (1932))
Figure II-5-19. Sample NOS description of tidal benchmarks (Harris 1981)
Table II-5-8. Low Water (chart) Datum for IGLD 1955 and IGLD 1985
Eustatic rise.
Changes in lake level datums
Design considerations.
Figure II-5-21. Sample NOS tabulation of tide parameters (Harris 1981)
Figure II-5-22. Variations in annual MSL (Harris 1981)
Figure II-5-23. Schematic diagram of storm parameters (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1986)
Extratropical storms
Surge interaction with tidal elevations
Figure II-5-24. Hurricane Gloria track from 17 September to 2 October 1985 (Jarvinen and Gebert 1986)
Figure II-5-25. Hurricane Gloria track offshore of Delaware and New Jersey (Jarvinen and Gebert 1986)
Historical method.
Synthetic method.
EST - tropical storm application.
EST - extratropical storm application.
Figure II-5-27. Stage-frequency relationship - coast of Delaware
Seiches
Figure II-5-29. Atlantic tropical storm tracks during the period 1886-1980
Figure II-5-30. Long wave surface profiles (Shore Protection Manual 1984)
Numerical Modeling of Long-Wave Hydrodynamics
Numerical models.
Example - tidal circulation modeling.
Example - storm surge modeling.
Figure II-5-32. Computational grid for the New York Bight
Figure II-5-33. Model and prototype tidal elevation comparison at the Battery
Figure II-5-34. Wind-induced circulation pattern
Figure II-5-35. Global limits of ADCIRC computational grid
Figure II-5-36. Blow-up of ADCIRC grid along Delaware coast
Figure II-5-37. Model-to-prototype tidal comparison at Lewes, DE
Figure II-5-38. Model-to-prototype surge comparison at Lewes, DE
References - Part-II-Chap50070
References (cont) - Part-II-Chap50071
References (cont) - Part-II-Chap50072
References (cont) - Part-II-Chap50073
Definitions of Symbols - Part-II-Chap50074
Definitions of Symbols (cont) - Part-II-Chap50075
Acknowledgments - Part-II-Chap50076
Part-II-Chap5
