Chapter lll-2. Longshore Sediment Transport
Figure lll-2-1. Impoundment of longshore sediment transport at Indian River Inlet, Delaware
Modes of sediment transport.
Experimental measurement
Figure III-2-2. Cross-shore distribution of the longshore sand transport rate measured with traps at Duck, North Carolina (Kraus, Gingerich, and Rosati 1989)
Quantitative indicators of longshore transport magnitude
Longshore sediment transport estimation in the United States
Figure III-2-3. Estimated annual net longshore transport rates and directions along the east coast of the United States based on data from Johnson (1956, 1957) and Komar (1976)
Table lll-2-1. Longshore Transport Rates from U.S. Coasts (SPM 1984)1
Energy flux method.
Description
Figure lll-2-4. Field data relating IR and PR
Variation of K with median grain size.
Figure lll-2-5. Measured and predicted K coefficients using Bailard's (1984) equation
Figure lll-2-6. Coefficient K versus median grain size D50 (del Valle, Medina, and Losada 1993)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-1
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-1 (cont)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-2
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-3
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-4
Wave transformation procedure.
Wave conditions.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-5
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-5 (cont)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-6
Deviation from potential longshore sediment transport rates.
Figure lll-2-7. Longshore transport definitions
Figure lll-2-8. Time plot of annual longshore energy flux factor at three east coast sites (after Douglass (1985))
Figure III-2-9. Time plot of monthly longshore energy flux factor time series for 1956-1975 at three east coast sites (after Douglass (1985))
Figure lll-2-10. Probability plot for monthly average Pls series (Walton and Douglass 1985)
Figure lll-2-12. Autocorrelation of monthly Pls series (Walton and Douglass 1985)
Figure lll-2-13. Autocorrelation of weekly average Pls series (Walton and Douglass 1985)
Littoral drift roses.
Figure lll-2-14. Azimuth of normal to shoreline at Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-15. Net and total littoral drift at Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-16. Ideal case of an unstable null point (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-17. Instability-formed capes in Santa Rosa Sound (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-18. Ideal case of a stable null point (Walton 1972)
Figure III-2-19. Distribution of tracer density across the surf zone, 20 October 1961 Goleta Point, California, experiment (Ingle 1966)
Figure III-2-20. Distribution of mean sediment concentration at 10 cm above the bed, relative to wave breakpoint (Kana 1978)
Figure III-2-21. Cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport as measured by Bodge and Dean (Bodge 1986, Bodge and Dean 1987a, 1987b) at Duck, North Carolina, and in the laboratory
Figure III-2-21. Cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport as measured by Bodge and Dean (Bodge 1986, Bodge and Dean 1987a, 1987b) at Duck, North Carolina, and in the laboratory (cont)
Application of longshore sediment transport calculations.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7 (cont)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7 (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20052
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7 (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20053
Variations in longshore sediment transport along the coast
Three-dimensionality of shoreline features.
Figure lll-2-23. Beach cusps on a sandy beach in Mexico (photograph courtesy of Paul Komar)
Table lll-2-3. List of Authors Postulating Theories for Cusp Development
Figure III-2-25. Rhythmic shoreline features associated with the presence of crescentic bars welded to the shoreline
Three-dimensionality of shoreline features. (cont)
Empirical shoreline models.
Figure III-2-27. Spiral bay geometry: (a) definition sketch and (b) coefficients describing parabolic shoreline shape (Silvester and Hsu 1993)
Analytical longshore sand transport shoreline change models.
Figure lll-2-29. Definition of local breaker angle
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-8
Analytical longshore sand transport shoreline change models. (cont)
Figure lll-2-30. Structure placed perpendicular to shore
Figure III-2-31. Nondimensionalized solution graphs (at different scales) for the condition of no sand transport at the structure location
Figure lll-2-33. Complementary error function
Analytical longshore sand transport shoreline change models. (cont)
Figure III-2-34. Nondimensional solution curve for plan view of sediment accumulation at a coastal structure after natural bypassing initiated
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-9
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-10
Figure lll-2-35. Rectangular beach fill (t=0)
Figure lll-2-37. Proportion of fill p(t) remaining within limits of rectangular plan view fill area
Figure lll-2-38. Triangular beach fill (t=0)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-11
Figure III-2-39. Nondimensional solution curves for triangular initial plan view fill area
Figure lll-2-42. Semi-infinite beach fill (t=0)
Figure lll-2-43. Nondimensional solution curve for semi-infinite plan view fill area
Figure lll-2-44. Beach fill placed with groins (t=0)
Figure lll-2-46. Width of maintained beach (x < 0) as a function of time
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-12
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-12 (cont)
Numerical Longshore Sand Transport Beach Change Models
One-line (two-dimensional) models.
Shoreline Change Model GENESIS.
Capabilities and limitations.
Example application - Bolsa Chica, California.
Figure lll-2-47. Bolsa Chica, California, study area (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-48. Wave transformation hindcast to RCPWAVE grid (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-49. Total littoral drift rose, Anaheim to Santa Ana River (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-50. Model calibration results, Bolsa Chica (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-51. Model verification results, Bolsa Chica (Gravens 1990a)
Example application - Bolsa Chica, California. (cont)
Figure lll-2-52. Sand management alternative with feeder beach (Gravens 1990a)
Figure III-2-53. Predicted shoreline change from 1983 shoreline position with sand management alternative and feeder beach (Gravens 1990a)
References - Part_III-Chap_20097
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20098
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20099
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20100
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20101
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20102
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20103
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20104
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20105
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20106
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20107
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20108
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20109
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20110
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20111
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20112
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20113
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20114
References (cont)\
Definition of Symbols - Part_III-Chap_20116
Definition of Symbols ( cont)
Definition of Symbols ( cont)
Acknowledgments - Part_III-Chap_20119
Part_III-Chap_2
Figure lll-2-1. Impoundment of longshore sediment transport at Indian River Inlet, Delaware
Modes of sediment transport.
Experimental measurement
Figure III-2-2. Cross-shore distribution of the longshore sand transport rate measured with traps at Duck, North Carolina (Kraus, Gingerich, and Rosati 1989)
Quantitative indicators of longshore transport magnitude
Longshore sediment transport estimation in the United States
Figure III-2-3. Estimated annual net longshore transport rates and directions along the east coast of the United States based on data from Johnson (1956, 1957) and Komar (1976)
Table lll-2-1. Longshore Transport Rates from U.S. Coasts (SPM 1984)1
Energy flux method.
Description
Figure lll-2-4. Field data relating IR and PR
Variation of K with median grain size.
Figure lll-2-5. Measured and predicted K coefficients using Bailard's (1984) equation
Figure lll-2-6. Coefficient K versus median grain size D50 (del Valle, Medina, and Losada 1993)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-1
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-1 (cont)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-2
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-3
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-4
Wave transformation procedure.
Wave conditions.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-5
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-5 (cont)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-6
Deviation from potential longshore sediment transport rates.
Figure lll-2-7. Longshore transport definitions
Figure lll-2-8. Time plot of annual longshore energy flux factor at three east coast sites (after Douglass (1985))
Figure III-2-9. Time plot of monthly longshore energy flux factor time series for 1956-1975 at three east coast sites (after Douglass (1985))
Figure lll-2-10. Probability plot for monthly average Pls series (Walton and Douglass 1985)
Figure lll-2-12. Autocorrelation of monthly Pls series (Walton and Douglass 1985)
Figure lll-2-13. Autocorrelation of weekly average Pls series (Walton and Douglass 1985)
Littoral drift roses.
Figure lll-2-14. Azimuth of normal to shoreline at Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-15. Net and total littoral drift at Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-16. Ideal case of an unstable null point (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-17. Instability-formed capes in Santa Rosa Sound (Walton 1972)
Figure lll-2-18. Ideal case of a stable null point (Walton 1972)
Figure III-2-19. Distribution of tracer density across the surf zone, 20 October 1961 Goleta Point, California, experiment (Ingle 1966)
Figure III-2-20. Distribution of mean sediment concentration at 10 cm above the bed, relative to wave breakpoint (Kana 1978)
Figure III-2-21. Cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport as measured by Bodge and Dean (Bodge 1986, Bodge and Dean 1987a, 1987b) at Duck, North Carolina, and in the laboratory
Figure III-2-21. Cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport as measured by Bodge and Dean (Bodge 1986, Bodge and Dean 1987a, 1987b) at Duck, North Carolina, and in the laboratory (cont)
Application of longshore sediment transport calculations.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7 (cont)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7 (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20052
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-7 (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20053
Variations in longshore sediment transport along the coast
Three-dimensionality of shoreline features.
Figure lll-2-23. Beach cusps on a sandy beach in Mexico (photograph courtesy of Paul Komar)
Table lll-2-3. List of Authors Postulating Theories for Cusp Development
Figure III-2-25. Rhythmic shoreline features associated with the presence of crescentic bars welded to the shoreline
Three-dimensionality of shoreline features. (cont)
Empirical shoreline models.
Figure III-2-27. Spiral bay geometry: (a) definition sketch and (b) coefficients describing parabolic shoreline shape (Silvester and Hsu 1993)
Analytical longshore sand transport shoreline change models.
Figure lll-2-29. Definition of local breaker angle
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-8
Analytical longshore sand transport shoreline change models. (cont)
Figure lll-2-30. Structure placed perpendicular to shore
Figure III-2-31. Nondimensionalized solution graphs (at different scales) for the condition of no sand transport at the structure location
Figure lll-2-33. Complementary error function
Analytical longshore sand transport shoreline change models. (cont)
Figure III-2-34. Nondimensional solution curve for plan view of sediment accumulation at a coastal structure after natural bypassing initiated
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-9
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-10
Figure lll-2-35. Rectangular beach fill (t=0)
Figure lll-2-37. Proportion of fill p(t) remaining within limits of rectangular plan view fill area
Figure lll-2-38. Triangular beach fill (t=0)
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-11
Figure III-2-39. Nondimensional solution curves for triangular initial plan view fill area
Figure lll-2-42. Semi-infinite beach fill (t=0)
Figure lll-2-43. Nondimensional solution curve for semi-infinite plan view fill area
Figure lll-2-44. Beach fill placed with groins (t=0)
Figure lll-2-46. Width of maintained beach (x < 0) as a function of time
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-12
EXAMPLE PROBLEM III-2-12 (cont)
Numerical Longshore Sand Transport Beach Change Models
One-line (two-dimensional) models.
Shoreline Change Model GENESIS.
Capabilities and limitations.
Example application - Bolsa Chica, California.
Figure lll-2-47. Bolsa Chica, California, study area (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-48. Wave transformation hindcast to RCPWAVE grid (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-49. Total littoral drift rose, Anaheim to Santa Ana River (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-50. Model calibration results, Bolsa Chica (Gravens 1990a)
Figure lll-2-51. Model verification results, Bolsa Chica (Gravens 1990a)
Example application - Bolsa Chica, California. (cont)
Figure lll-2-52. Sand management alternative with feeder beach (Gravens 1990a)
Figure III-2-53. Predicted shoreline change from 1983 shoreline position with sand management alternative and feeder beach (Gravens 1990a)
References - Part_III-Chap_20097
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20098
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20099
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20100
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20101
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20102
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20103
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20104
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20105
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20106
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20107
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20108
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20109
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20110
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20111
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20112
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20113
References (cont) - Part_III-Chap_20114
References (cont)\
Definition of Symbols - Part_III-Chap_20116
Definition of Symbols ( cont)
Definition of Symbols ( cont)
Acknowledgments - Part_III-Chap_20119
Part_III-Chap_2
